Welcome to ICCB 2027

Organized by:

David M. Pierce, University of Connecticut, Departments of Mechanical Engineering/Biomedical Engineering

Corey P. Neu, University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Stéphane Avril, MINES Saint-Étienne, Centre for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering

Computational mechanics and numerical methods play an increasingly significant role in the study of biological systems at the organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, and molecular scales. New and exciting applications of computational mechanics go beyond the classical theories and incorporate biomechanical mechanisms inherent in biology such as adaptation, growth, remodelling, active (muscle) response, and inter- and intra-patient variables. Synergies among fundamental mechanical experiments, multi-modal imaging and image analyses, new mathematical models and computational methods enable studies of, e.g., microphysical (mechanobiological) cellular stimuli and response, structure-function relationships in tissues, organ and tissue integrity, disease initiation and progression, engineered tissue replacements, and surgical interventions.

The goal of this mini-symposium is to promote cross-fertilization of ideas and collaborative experimental and numerical efforts towards more rapid progress in advancing the overall field of computational biomechanics. To this end, contributions considering the following topics are particularly welcome: coupled analyses of chemo-mechanical processes; methods coupling multiple scales and/or multiple physics; growth and remodelling of biological tissues; characterization and impact of inter- and intra-patient variability; applications with clinical impact or potential clinical impact; new constitutive models; mechanobiology and cellular mechanics; applications of medical images and image analyses in mechanics; mechanics of pathological processes; and experimental methods and computational inverse analyses towards model calibration.

Organized by:

Michele Marino, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
Christian Hellmich, TU Wien, Austria

Computational bioengineering increasingly addresses complex biological systems through sophisticated numerical and data-driven approaches. At the same time, there is a growing need to reinforce the role of fundamental mechanics as the framework that connects biological structure, material behavior, and function. This mini-symposium aims to bring mechanics-based thinking to the forefront of computational bioengineering, with particular emphasis on how mechanical principles can bridge the hierarchical organization of biological systems from microstructure, through tissues, to organ-level function.

Contributions will address continuum and computational mechanics approaches for biological materials and systems, including microstructure-informed constitutive modeling, micromechanics and homogenization, scale-transition methods, finite-strain and nonlinear mechanics, and the mechanical description of tissue adaptation, growth and remodeling. Particular attention will be given to approaches in which model assumptions, constitutive choices, and scale transitions retain a clear physical and mechanical interpretation.

The mini-symposium will foster discussion on how advances in fundamental mechanics can strengthen predictive computational bioengineering, improve the connection between experiments and simulations, and provide robust foundations for increasingly complex multiscale, multiphysics, and data-enhanced models of biological systems.

Organized by:

René Thierry Djoumessi, TCBiomech Group, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Italy; Christopher Miller, TCBiomech Group, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Italy; Alessio Gizzi, TCBiomech Group, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma (UCBM), Italy.

Predicting the behaviour of active biological systems increasingly relies on computational strategies that couple biomechanics with advanced numerical approaches and, ultimately, patient-specific digital twins. Yet these three aspects – fundamental science, computational method design, and clinically deployable simulations – are often developed in separate communities, hindering the advancement of rigorous mechanistic models into predictive, patient-specific tools. This mini-symposium aims to bring together researchers spanning this interdisciplinary pipeline, from constitutive modelling and multiphysics coupling (e.g., electromechanics, mechanobiology, fluid-structure and contact interactions) to the numerical strategies that make such models tractable (finite element and other discretisation schemes, multiscale/multiphysics solvers, uncertainty quantification, high-performance computing), as well as their integration into digital/virtual twins of organs and tissues. Contributions are welcome on, but not limited to: the nonlinear multiscale constitutive modelling of soft tissues; coupled electro-chemo-mechanical systems; contact and lubrication mechanics at biological interfaces; model calibration, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification; and importantly, computational pipelines linking imaging data to patient-specific finite element and digital-twin models. By deliberately crossing the boundaries of different research fields, this mini-symposium seeks to foster methodological exchange and identify the shared numerical challenges – accuracy, computational cost, calibration, validation – that currently limit the translation of fundamental biomechanics into robust digital twins of active biological systems.

Organized by:
Jean-Louis Milan — Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics (LBA), Université Gustave Eiffel / Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
Rui Travasso – Center for Physics, University of Coimbra, Portugal

Architectured biomaterials offer opportunities to control mechanical behaviour and guide biological processes through tailored geometry, composition and microstructure. However, predicting how these features influence cell behaviour, tissue formation and long-term integration remains a major challenge. In silico approaches can help unravel these interactions and support the rational design of biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
This mini-symposium will bring together researchers developing computational methods to investigate biomaterial mechanics and reciprocal interactions between biomaterials, cells and tissues. Contributions will address porous scaffolds, hydrogels, fibrous matrices and other architectured systems, spanning molecular, cellular and tissue scales. Key topics include nonlinear and time-dependent mechanics; cell adhesion, migration and mechanosensing; tissue growth and remodelling; material degradation; and coupled mechanical, biochemical and transport processes. Particular attention will be given to multiscale and multiphysics modelling, discrete and continuum approaches, and computational optimisation of material architectures.
Discussions will focus on linking architectural features to biological responses, identifying and calibrating model parameters, and validating predictions against experimental observations. Future directions include integrating imaging and experimental data, accounting for biological variability, and developing predictive models of evolving biomaterial–tissue systems. The objective is to advance computational frameworks that connect material design with functional tissue outcomes and guide experimental
development.

Organized by: 

Aurélie Carlier (Maastricht University, The Netherlands)

Sandra Loerakker (TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

Background: Growth and remodeling (G&R) are fundamental processes underlying tissue development and adaptation. Understanding their mechanisms is essential for elucidating how maladaptive remodeling can compromise tissue function, and for developing regenerative therapies that restore and maintain tissue function. Because G&R mechanisms involve dynamic interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales, computational models provide a powerful framework to integrate these processes, uncover key mechanisms, and predict how interventions can steer tissue adaptation toward desired functional outcomes.
Goals: We aim to bring together researchers investigating G&R in different tissues, at different spatiotemporal scales, and using different methodologies. In this way, we aim to compare modeling approaches, exchange strategies for understanding and controlling G&R, and stimulate the development of integrative approaches to modeling G&R.
Topics: cardiovascular G&R, musculoskeletal G&R, G&R of other tissues and organ systems, sex-specific G&R, (sub)cellular G&R mechanisms, morphogenesis, regeneration, pathologies, mechanistic vs. data-driven modeling approaches.

Organized by GDR/FRA MECABIO Santé (CNRS)

This symposium aims to highlight the critical role of experimental / clinical data quality in shaping accurate biomechanical and mechanobiological numerical modelling for health applications. Objectives include promoting discussions on data sharing, standardization of experimental protocols, and reproducibility to enhance the reliability and comparability of research findings.

Scientific motivations come from the growing need to bridge gaps between clinical observations and computational models, ensuring that data-driven insights translate into robust and practical knowledge. Key topics will cover:

•Data acquisition best practices (e.g., standardization, metadata, quantitative evaluation of bias and ethical considerations).

•Challenges in multimodal, multiscale data processing, experimental design and output identification.

•Challenges in data heterogeneity, accessibility, and interoperability.

•Emerging solutions, such as open-data initiatives and FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable).

Perspectives include advancing collaborative frameworks to harmonize data collection, promote transparency, and accelerate translational research. By addressing these challenges, the symposium seeks to enable researchers to leverage high-quality data for innovative projects in biomechanics and mechanobiology.

Organized by:

Pr Diana Mateus – LS2N – Nantes France

Dr Thomas Grenier – CREATIS – Lyon France

This mini-symposium addresses the central issues of patient-specific modelling driven by medical imaging, with a view to diagnostic and prognostic applications. It targets clinicians, biomedical engineers and researchers who wish to (i) grasp the latest advances in medical imaging, (ii) identify the critical steps in the imaging-to-model pipeline that determine simulation fidelity and their solutions, and (iii) acquire the methodological foundations for designing and validating such studies.

Organized by: Irene Vignon-Clementel, INRIA Saclay, Ile-de-France

This workshop introduces LumpedFlux, an open-source library for zero-dimensional modeling, that can be readily coupled to other solvers (https://codeberg.org/twin4life-team-inria/lumpedflux). Users can assemble closed-loop systems from a library of elementary building blocks, such as resistances, capacitances, and inductances, seamlessly define and integrate arbitrary custom equations, and solve complex dynamical systems using LumpedFlux’s robust solver library. Models can be coupled with user-defined models or external solvers, and can be easily exchanged, reused, and combined across research groups. LumpedFlux offers a user-friendly, high-level Python interface, a C++ library, and a graphical user interface, to broaden accessibility for clinicians and modelers alike. A built-in analysis toolkit supports sensitivity analysis, calibration, identifiability analysis, and uncertainty quantification, all within a single environment. The session combines a presentation of LumpedFlux’s design philosophy with a hands-on tutorial in which participants build and analyze a simple cardiovascular model, providing a foundation for developing their own models.

Goals:

▪Describe LumpedFlux’s architecture and its role in 0D and coupled multiscale modeling.

▪Assemble a closed-loop lumped-parameter circulatory model using built-in elements or custom equations.

▪Use the GUI to build, run, and visualize a model without programming.

▪Perform sensitivity analysis, calibration, and identifiability analysis using LumpedFlux’s built-in toolkit.

▪Exchange and reuse models, submodels, and customized elements for collaborative research.

Organized by:

Umberto Morbiducci, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Simona Celi, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Italy

This mini-symposium will bring together emerging methods for the quantitative characterization of cardiovascular flow through the integration of in vivo, in silico, and in vitro approaches. Advanced imaging techniques, experimental flow measurements, and novel
hemodynamic descriptors will offer complementary perspectives on cardiovascular function in health and disease. Patient-specific computational models will provide mechanistic insight into complex flow phenomena, disease progression, and treatment response across multiple spatial and temporal scales. In parallel, controlled in vitro platforms will support hypothesis testing, model validation, and the investigation of fluid–structure interactions. A central focus will be the development of integrated, reliable, and clinically interpretable frameworks that combine these complementary methodologies and bridge fundamental cardiovascular mechanics with patient-specific applications. Particular attention will be given to the identification of robust hemodynamic biomarkers. Applications will encompass disease diagnosis and phenotyping, risk stratification, intervention planning, and treatment optimization, with emphasis on clinically meaningful outcomes. Ultimately, the minisymposium will explore how advances in quantitative cardiovascular flow analysis can accelerate the translation of hemodynamic knowledge into precision cardiovascular medicine.

Organized by:

Irene Vignon-Clementel, INRIA Saclay, France 
Morgane Garreau, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, France

Digital Twins are emerging as a promising framework for 3P medicine (Predictive, Preventive and Personalized), with the ambition of combining patient-specific data, mechanistic modelling, numerical simulation and data-driven approaches to create dynamic and predictive representations of individual patients. Recent advances increasingly target multi-physics, multi-scale and multi-organ representations of human physiology and pathophysiology. This mini-symposium aims to bring together researchers working on computational models of hemodynamics, vascular mechanics, transport and mechanobiology. The mini-symposium will focus on recent developments in patient-specific modelling, including, but not limited to, the integration of medical imaging and physiological data, computational fluid dynamics, fluid-structure interaction, model personalisation and data assimilation, as well as the use of reduced-order models, metamodels and data-driven approaches. Particular attention will be given to how these approaches can contribute to the development of predictive digital twins and their translation to clinical applications.

Organized by:

Dr Pascal Corso, Swiss Data Science Center, ETH Zurich

Dr Giorgia Tagliavini, Laboratory for Computational Engineering, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Switzerland

Replacing a diseased heart valve still entails a compromise. Mechanical prostheses demand lifelong anticoagulation, whereas bioprostheses calcify and degenerate within one to two decades. Polymeric, tissue-engineered and transcatheter concepts promise to break this deadlock. Herein lies the crux: their design space is far too wide to be mapped by bench and animal testing alone. Computational modelling has consequently moved from explaining how prosthetic heart valves behave to steering their design.

This mini-symposium gathers engineers, applied mathematicians, biologists and clinicians who devise and apply in silico methods for the design and assessment of next-generation valves. Contributions are expected on fluid-structure interaction with leaflet contact, patient-specific simulation of transcatheter implantation, growth and remodelling of engineered tissue, thrombosis and calcification risk, reduced-order and machine-learning surrogates, shape optimisation and experimental validation.

Several hurdles persist. High-fidelity physics must be reconciled with clinically acceptable turnaround times, uncertainty in patient data must be propagated through the models and model credibility must be demonstrated before regulators accept simulation as evidence. By taking stock of these questions, the session seeks to set a course towards in silico trials worthy of the name, mindful that the proof of the pudding lies in validated prediction.

Organized by:

Luca Gerardo-Giorda, Institute for Mathematical Methods in Medicine and Data Based Modeling, Johannes Kepler University Linz & Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Linz, Austria

Argyrios Petras, Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Linz, Austria

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Minimally invasive and other interventional procedures, such as ablation and stent placement, are commonly used to treat various cardiac conditions. To enhance the understanding, planning, efficiency, and safety of these procedures, digital twins have been developed. Given the complex multiphysics and multiscale nature of interventional treatments and cardiovascular function, coupled mathematical models have been created to simulate processes from cellular to tissue and organ levels. Integrating medical imaging data with these models has enabled personalized therapy planning and paved the way for their clinical applicability. This minisymposium aims to bring together experts to present state-of-the-art applications of digital twins in cardiac interventional procedures. Since the previous edition at ICCB 2025, advances in model personalization, data assimilation, uncertainty quantification, and fast surrogate models have brought digital twins closer to real-time clinical use, while raising new challenges for their validation and credibility. Contributions will span multiple scales and physics, including cardiac electrophysiology, tissue mechanics, hemodynamics, and the interaction between devices and tissue.Accordion Content

Organized by:

Alexandra Vallet — Mines Saint-Étienne, SAINBIOSE U1059 Inserm, France
Timo Koch — University of Stuttgart, Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems / SC SimTech, Germany
Mariia Dvoriashyna — School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK

The brain is a mechanically complex organ in which deformable tissues, vascular networks, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids, and transported solutes interact across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Relevant processes range from microscale flow and transport in perivascular and porous environments to organ-scale pressure, deformation and fluid circulation, and from rapid pulsatile phenomena to long-term changes associated with ageing and disease.
This mini-symposium aims to bring together researchers working at different scales, from detailed local models to whole-brain descriptions. A major current challenge is to understand how models developed at different levels of description relate to one another and how information can be transferred across scales and physical processes.
Topics include poroelastic and multiphasic modelling of brain tissue, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid dynamics, vascular–tissue and fluid–structure interactions, intracranial pressure and compliance, vascular pulsatility, solute transport and brain clearance. Particular attention will be given to methods for bridging scales and physics, including homogenisation, mixed-dimensional modelling and reduced-order approaches.
Applications span normal physiology, ageing, traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. By connecting mathematics, physics, numerical modelling, the symposium will identify missing links and opportunities for future multiphysics / multiscale modelling frameworks and collaborations.Accordion Content

Organized by:

Daniel Hurtado, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Claire Bruna-Rosso, Aix-Marseille University, France; Martin Genet, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France

Computational simulations of the respiratory system continue to gain momentum in the bioengineering community, as pulmonary digital twins emerge as a promising technology to support the diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory disease and acute pulmonary conditions. We invite researchers and industry professionals to join this session to share their work and discuss the future directions of computational respiratory medicine. We encourage submissions that highlight the latest innovations and research in the following areas:
• Modeling the mechanics and function of respiratory diseases: Development of novel mechanistic and data-driven frameworks that describe the lung mechanics and function during disease
• Multiscale modeling of lung mechanics: Formulation and creation of multiscale computational frameworks to upscale microstructural features to whole-organ response.
• Lung and airways structural and mechanical characterization: Advances in studying and characterizing the mechanics of lung tissue, airway tissue, and pulmonary vasculature under various physiological and pathological conditions.
• Pulmonary airflow dynamics: Research on the airflow mechanics within the respiratory system, including the eEects of airway structure and remodeling on respiratory health.
• Pulmonary function and gas exchange mechanisms: Approaches to modeling the gas exchange through the blood-air alveolar barrier, including the impact of structural features of the alveolar microenvironment on oxygen and carbon dioxide diEusion.
• Artificial Intelligence in Respiratory Modeling: Novel developments of AI architectures and their application to accelerate the construction and numerical simulation of the respiratory system.
• Model validation and clinical applications: Validation studies and reports of how current models are used to assess pulmonary function, including virtual twins in respiratory medicine.

Organized by:

Anne-Sophie Caro and Sarah Iaquinta, LMGC, IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Alès, France

Cédric Laurent, 1.CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3 – Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France 2.Université de Lorraine, CHRU-NANCY, Pôle de la Femme, F-54000 Nancy, France 3. Institut Universitaire de France

The biomechanics of the reproductive, urinary and pelvic systems presents unique challenges, as tissues and organs undergo profound structural, mechanical and geometrical changes across major physiological transitions such as pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, andropause and ageing, as well as in pathological conditions.

Childbirth represents a particularly remarkable mechanical challenge, exposing pelvic tissues to extreme loading conditions that can lead to damage, tearing and long-lasting dysfunction. More broadly, gynaecological, urological and male reproductive disorders, including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, endometriosis or prostate-related conditions, involve complex alterations of tissue mechanics and organ function.

This mini-symposium will bring together experimental, computational and clinical approaches aiming to describe, understand and predict the mechanical behaviour of reproductive and pelvic tissues and organs across the life course. Particular attention will be given to tissue characterisation, in vivo measurements, imaging, constitutive and patient-specific modelling, as well as to the links between biomechanical quantities, tissue adaptation, injury, or dysfunction. A central concern will be the clinical translation of these models from patient-specific prediction to informed decisions to eventually reach clinical practice.

Organized by:
Guillermo Lorenzo (University of A Coruña, Spain)
Michela Prunella (Politecnico di Bari, Italy)

Cancer progression and treatment response are shaped by the continuous interplay between tumor cells and a heterogeneous, evolving microenvironment. Computational models help investigating such complex interactions across scales, from intracellular regulation and cellular state transitions to tissue organization and organ-scale proliferation-invasion dynamics. To capture multiscale cancer dynamics, continuum, stochastic, agent-based, hybrid, and data-driven models can be informed by increasingly rich preclinical and clinical data, including spatial and molecular omics, organoid experimental data, digital histopathology, and 3D medical imaging. Once parametrized, these computational models can produce patient-specific forecasts of tumor development and treatment response, which supports clinical and therapeutic decision-making. Additionally, these models can be used to generate and test hypotheses on disease–therapy interactions, biological mechanisms underpinning tumor progression, and alternative dosing and scheduling strategies.
Despite recent advances in computational oncology, several challenges persist, such as building practical models to accurately interrogate how tumors reshape vascular, immune, metabolic, and mechanical niches, and how the resulting heterogeneity feeds back on tumor progression, treatment sensitivity, and resistance emergence. Other important unresolved challenges are (i) how to merge sparse multimodal, multiscale datasets as well as mechanistic and AI approaches for clinically-oriented, computationally-efficient, and uncertainty-aware tumor forecasting; (ii) how to leverage model predictions to effectively guide preclinical experimental plans, clinical trial designs, and personalized clinical decision-making; and (iii) how to model metastatic dissemination and treatment toxicities.
To address these open challenges and contribute to rapidly evolving field of computational oncology, this minisymposium welcomes contributions in predictive in-silico models and digital-twin prototypes of cancer growth and treatment response, spanning preclinical experimentation and clinical applications, and with potential use in basic cancer research as well as in patient stratification and design of optimal monitoring and treatment plans.

Organized by:

Pasquale Vena, Micro-biomechanics lab, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

Luca D’Andrea, Micro-biomechanics lab, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

Serena Graziosi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy

Davide Ruffoni, Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

This mini-symposium focuses on the development and application of computational approaches for the design, optimization, and analysis of biomedical devices incorporating controlled microstructural features for tissue-specific microenvironments. Particular emphasis is placed on computational methods that bridge device architecture, material properties, mechanical behavior, biological requirements, and fabrication-related aspects with applications ranging from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
to orthopedics, wound healing, and clinical training.
The symposium aims to bring together researchers working on computational and multidisciplinary approaches for the development of clinically relevant devices, including but not limited to porous scaffolds, orthopedic implants and prostheses, wearables, tissue-engineered constructs, and bioactive or multifunctional devices. Contributions addressing computational challenges related to properly mimicking and validating tissue complexity and studying interactions between device architecture and the surrounding biological environment are particularly encouraged, as are studies focused on developing patient-specific solutions. The overall aim is to give the audience a perspective on how computational strategies, combined with the latest developments in advanced manufacturing and materials, are shaping the next generation of biomedical devices.

Scientific contributions are welcome in related areas of research, including, but not limited to:
• Computational design of engineered devices for hard and soft tissues, including hard-soft tissue
interfaces
• Patient-specific and anatomy-driven approaches to device design
• Multiscale and multidisciplinary optimization methods
• Computational modeling of device and biomaterial behavior
• Design and characterization of microstructured and architected materials
• Mechanobiology of device-tissue interactions
• Computational modeling of tissue regeneration and remodeling
• Design of devices with spatially heterogeneous properties and tissue microenvironments
• Additive manufacturing and computationally enabled fabrication of complex biomedical devices
• Novel computational methods for device design, including machine learning and artificial
intelligence-based approaches

Organized by:
Christophe Marquette
Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
Edwin-Joffrey Courtial
Université Lyon 1, CNRS, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne, France
Rémy Gauthier
Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France

Bioprinting and additive manufacturing still rely heavily on trial-and-error experimentation to optimize printing parameters, bioinks and the properties of printed parts. Computational approaches are now emerging as powerful complements to experimentation: bioink flow simulation, printability and cell viability prediction, process digital twins, online quality monitoring and closed-loop control, and machine learning for parameter optimization.
This symposium aims to bring together research teams working at the intersection of computational modeling, artificial intelligence and (bio)additive 3D printing, in order to review the state of the art, identify shared methodological bottlenecks and foster new collaborations.

Contributions are invited on the following (non-exhaustive) themes:

1. Multi-physics simulation of bioprinting processes — computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of bioinks (extrusion-, droplet- and light-based techniques), shear stress, nozzle geometry, computational rheology;

2. Machine learning and artificial intelligence — printability and cell viability prediction, bioink formulation optimization, ML-driven design of experiments, surrogate models;

3. In silico tissue models and integrated in silico / in vitro approaches — mechanobiology, tissue growth models, core–shell bioarchitectures, virtual vascularization;

4. Digital twins and process simulation in advanced additive manufacturing — material deposition, as-built geometry, real-time process monitoring and control, AI/ML integration;

5. Online monitoring and control of (bio)printing processes — in-situ instrumentation (optical imaging, ultrasound, stand-off distance sensing, electrodes), real-time defect detection and correction, feedback-driven closed-loop control, online quality assurance and AI-driven error correction;

6. Computational design and validation — topology optimization, lattice/cellular structure design, shared datasets and benchmarks, reproducibility.